Modeling and Measurement of Mode-Conversion and Frequency Dependent Loss in High-Speed Differential Interconnections on Multilayer PCB

We propose an accurate and efficient model of having an unbalanced differential line structure, where mode-conversion and frequency dependent loss effects are considered in above the GHz frequency range. To extract model parameters of the proposed unbalanced differential line model, we measured s-parameters of test patterns using a 2-port VNA and defined a new type of mixed-mode s-parameter. The model parameters were obtained and are described for various types of the unbalanced differential line structures. Finally, the validity of the proposed model and the model parameters were successfully confirmed by a series of time-domain measurements and a lattice diagram analysis. key words: mode-conversion, unbalanced differential line, mixed-mode s-parameter, serial interconnection, frequency dependent loss